A phone has a copper coil with is a receiver and the charger has a copper coil which is a transmitter, when they are aligned they create an electromagnetic field which allows power to pass through and recharge the devices battery.

Yes, the iPhone 11 does have wireless charging capabilities. 

No it is not.

No, the iPhone 7 does not have wireless charging capabilities.

The first-generation iPhone SE (released in 2016) does not have wireless charging capabilities. However, the second-generation iPhone SE (released in 2020) does support wireless charging.

Apple devices: iPhone 8 and later

Samsung devices: Galaxy Note phones: Galaxy Note20 5G, Note20 Ultra 5G, Note10+, Note10, Note9, Note8, and Note 5, Galaxy S phones: S23 series, S22 series, S21 series, S20 series, S10 series, S9 series, S8 series, S7 series, and S6 series, Foldable phones: Galaxy Z Fold, Z Fold2, Z Fold3, Z Fold4, Z Flip, Z Flip 5G, Z Flip3, and Z Flip4

Google Pixel devices: Pixel 3, Pixel 3 XL, Pixel 4, Pixel 4 XL, Pixel 5, Pixel 6, Pixel 6Pro, Pixel 7, Pixel 7 Pro

Wireless phone chargers use a technology called Qi that transfers energy wirelessly from the charger to the device being charged. Qi works through electromagnetic fields between two coils, one in the charger and one in the device being charged.

Once wireless charger is plugged into a power source, to charge your device all you need to do is place it down on top of the charger, making sure it’s cantered and charging will commence. Charging will be indicated by an Led light or animation on your phone screen.

Wireless charging stands are similar to charging pads, but hold the device at an angle so it can be viewed while it charges. They work by using inductive charging, which transfers energy wirelessly from the charger to the device being charged. The charger contains a coil of wire that creates an electromagnetic field, and the device being charged contains a coil that picks up this field to charge the battery. Most charging stands use the Qi standard, which optimizes the charging process by adjusting power and speed, and the device can be used and viewed while it charges.